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Tower Opposite the Imperial Gate
Another strong piece of evidence concerns the tower that stood opposite the Imperial Gate. Phrantzes describes this tower as being “in the middle of...
Question of the Basilike Pyle
Before ending the study of the Harbour Walls of Constantinople, it is necessary to return to an important question. This question appeared earlier in...
Gate of the Chain on the Galata Side
Although ancient writers do not clearly describe the exact position of the Gate of the Chain on the Galata side of the Golden Horn,...
Identification of the Tower of Anemas
The identification of the Tower of Anemas has been an ongoing challenge, and various theories have been proposed to locate it. One such theory...
Additional Passages Relevant to the Discussion
There are two or three additional passages that relate to the current discussion, although they are somewhat vague and unclear. These passages provide some...
The Opinion of Sixteenth-Century Constantinople
In sixteenth-century Constantinople, a common opinion was that the Towers of Anemas were the Towers of the Pentapyrgion, which is the name given to...
The Simplicity and Beauty of St. Sophia’s Interior
Inside St. Sophia, there are no tombs, statues, or altars to obstruct the view in any direction. The space is open, allowing visitors to...
The Dome of St. Sophia A Monumental Achievement
It is often claimed that the dome of St. Sophia was the first of its kind ever built, but this is not entirely true....
The Cost and Effort Behind St. Sophia
The true cost of building St. Sophia is unknown. However, we do know that the construction placed a heavy burden on everyone in the...
Use and Study of Turkish Gemstones in Jewelry and Prayer Beads
Fashion Trends and Gemstone Preferences
In today’s fast-changing jewelry market, companies must constantly adapt to new fashion trends and consumer preferences. This also applies to...














